Column chromatography is a laboratory technique used to separate mixtures of compounds. It works by exploiting the different rates at which the components of a mixture travel through a column packed with a stationary phase when driven by a solvent (the mobile phase).

As the mobile phase flows through the column, the components of the sample mixture interact with the stationary phase to different degrees.

Role of column chromatography in isolation:

Column chromatography is widely used to isolate compounds from complex mixtures. 
  • For example, column chromatography can be used to isolate a specific protein from a cell lysate or to isolate a specific drug from a pharmaceutical formulation.

Role of column chromatography in purification:

Column chromatography can also be used to purify compounds that are already partially pure. 
  • Peptide purification: Column chromatography is also used to purify peptides. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are often produced by proteases, enzymes that break down proteins.
  • Nucleic acid purification: Column chromatography is used to purify DNA and RNA from cells and tissues. The nucleic acids are separated based on their size and charge.
  • Carbohydrate purification: Column chromatography is used to purify carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches. The carbohydrates are separated based on their polarity and size.
  • Lipid purification: Column chromatography is used to purify lipids, such as fats and oils. The lipids are separated based on their polarity.


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