RADIO-ISOTOPES 

Definition- Radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of an element. They can also be defined as atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus, that emits radiation until they become stable isotopes. 

E.g., 1H, 14C, 24Na etc 

Properties 

  1. Emits Radiation: 3 types of Radiation - (alpha, beta, and gamma) 
  2. Half life: 
  3. Penetration property 
  4. Same chemical property 
  5. different physical property.

Application in biogenetic Studies

  • For biological investigation of carbon & hydrogen. 
  • For metabolic studies - S, P and alkali and alkaline earth metals are used. 
  • For Studies on protein, alkaloids, and amino acids - Labelled nitrogen atom gives more specific information.

  • The discovery of the Calvin cycle: Radioisotopes were used to trace the movement of carbon dioxide through plants and to identify the intermediates of the Calvin cycle. This research helped to elucidate the steps involved in photosynthesis and provided a foundation for our understanding of plant metabolism.

  • The development of new drugs: Radioisotopes have been used to study the mechanisms of action of many important drugs, such as antibiotics, cancer drugs, and antiviral drugs. This information has been used to develop new drugs that are more effective and less toxic.
  • The engineering of new enzymes: Radioisotopes have been used to study the mechanisms of action of enzymes and to engineer new enzymes with improved properties. For example, radioisotopes have been used to engineer enzymes that can produce biofuels and other valuable chemicals.

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