Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates molecules based on their size and charge. 

It is used in a wide variety of applications, including:
  • Biochemistry: Electrophoresis is used to separate and purify proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. For example, electrophoresis can be used to isolate DNA fragments for sequencing or to purify proteins for drug development.
  • Clinical diagnostics: Electrophoresis is used to diagnose a variety of diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, leukemia, and cystic fibrosis. For example, hemoglobin electrophoresis can be used to identify the different types of hemoglobin in a blood sample, which can be used to diagnose sickle cell anemia.
  • Food science: Electrophoresis is used to analyze the composition of food and to detect food adulteration. For example, electrophoresis can be used to identify the different proteins in milk or to detect the presence of antibiotics in meat.
  • Environmental monitoring: Electrophoresis is used to monitor the quality of water and air. For example, electrophoresis can be used to identify the different types of bacteria in a water sample or to detect the presence of pollutants in the air.
  • Forensic science: Electrophoresis is used to identify individuals and to analyze crime scene evidence. For example, DNA electrophoresis can be used to match DNA samples from a crime scene to a suspect.

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