chemical structure of caffeine



chemical structure of reserpine





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Isolation & identification of atropine & Quinine Isolation & identification of Atropine Isolation:  Moisten the powdered bark with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and extract it with ether or benzene. The free alkaloids are extracted from the solvent and acidified with acetic acid. Discard the aqueous layer. Add sodium hydroxide to the organic layer to precipitate atropine sulfate. Filter, recrystallize, and purify the crystals with activated charcoal. Dissolve the atropine sulfate in dilute sulfuric acid and make it alkaline with ammonia. Atropine will precipitate as crystals. Wash and dry them at 45-55°C. Identification:  Vitali-Morin Test: Atropine + Small Amount of Con. HNO3  Evaporated to dryness in Waterbath. Residue is dissolved in 1 ml Acetone and few drops of freshly prepared Alcoholic KOH,  Observation: Violet Colour (Tropane Neuclus)  Isolation & identification of Quinine  Isolation  Here are some steps for isolating ...
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  LIQUORICE Biological Source Plant Part – Peeled and un peeled stolons, root and stem Scientific Name – Glycyrrhiza glabra Family – Leguminosae Morphology Odour : Characteristic   Taste : Sweet Shape : Cylindrical   Chemical Constituents *        Saponin glycoside: Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizin acid *        Coumarin derivatives – Umbellirerone       Chemical Tests Salkowski test   few drops of con. H 2 SO 4 + liquorice powder ¯ Reddish Brown colour liquorice contains glycyrrhi...
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 General Method OF Isolation of Glycoside     Glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar (Glycone part) is attached to a Non-sugar (Aglycone) functional group via a Glycoside bond ( O/S/N/C). upon hydrolysis , glycosides are divided into a non – sugar group ( which have some pharmacological Action ) and a sugar moiety, which don’t have any pharmacological action.     Example: Anthraquinone, Coumarin, Flavonoid glycosides. Isolation  Sta-otto method  Find me powdered drag containing glycoside is extracted by successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with alcohol as solvent.  The thermolabile glycoside should be extracted at below 45 degree Celsius. The extract is treated with lead acetate to precipitate tannins and filtered it. To the filtrate hydrogen sulphide gas is passed, The excess of lead acetate is precipitated as lead sulphide. Pure component is determined by the spectroscopy method.
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